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高考英語(yǔ)作文：東西方文化差異
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Cultural Differences between the East and the West
Culture, according to the definition given by Hofstede, is the collective mental programming of the people in an environment, conditioned by the same education and life experience. Therefore, there are differences between various nations or regions, because people are affected by education, society and work experience. Take the cultural difference between the East and the West as the example, China is a country that endures high power distance while America endures lower power distance. Therefore, status symbol is very important for Chinese and a superior having the privilege is a matter of course. But people in America think that they are all equal. Besides, the westerns are individualistic while the easterners are more collectivistic. In individualistic societies, people focus on their own values and needs, relying on individual efforts to serve their interests. In the collectivistic nations, people combine themselves into one or several communities, finding their own place in the group and they mentally rely on the community, so harmony seems important in those nations. There are three main differences between the East and the West, namely uncertainty avoidance index, masculine versus femininity and long vs. short term orientation.
【參考譯文】
東西方文化差異
根據(jù)霍夫斯泰德對(duì)文化所下的定義，文化是在同一個(gè)環(huán)境中的人們所具有的“共同的心理程序”，是由相同的教育背景和生活經(jīng)歷所決定的。因此，各個(gè)不同的民族或地域之前會(huì)存在文化差異，因?yàn)槠渲械娜藭?huì)受到教育、社會(huì)和工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的影響。以東西方的文化差異為例，中國(guó)是一個(gè)崇尚大權(quán)力距離的國(guó)家，而美國(guó)是權(quán)力距離相對(duì)較小的國(guó)家。因此，地位象征對(duì)中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)尤為重要，認(rèn)為上級(jí)所擁有的特權(quán)是理所當(dāng)然的;而美國(guó)人則認(rèn)為人與人之間是平等的。此外，西方人相對(duì)比較個(gè)人主義而東方人則更看重集體主義。在個(gè)人主義的社會(huì)中，人們重視自身的價(jià)值和需要，依靠個(gè)人的努力來(lái)為自己謀取利益，而在集體主義國(guó)家，人們把自己融入到一個(gè)或幾個(gè)集體中，在這些集體中找到屬于自己的位置，人們?cè)诰裆弦蕾?lài)于集體，因此，和諧在這些國(guó)家中顯得尤為重要。在東西方文化中，還存在以下三個(gè)主要的文化差異，即不確定性規(guī)避、男性度與女性度以及長(zhǎng)期取向與短期取向。
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