托福寫作技巧

托福寫作技巧1

　　任何英文學(xué)習(xí)（語言學(xué)習(xí)）都需要模仿，只有不斷地模仿/抄襲，才可以熟能生巧，在考場上寫出靈活多變的句子來，但是如何抄出好成績也是有很多技巧和注意事項(xiàng)的。

　　首先，很多所謂的權(quán)威書籍并非權(quán)威，里面的八分范文并非八分。一位專家曾拿過國內(nèi)一本赫赫有名的書給國外的老師看。他們看后紛紛搖頭，說不知所云。這種文章尚且可以蒙騙語言經(jīng)驗(yàn)尚淺的學(xué)生，卻不可以蒙騙考官。學(xué)生即使背得滾瓜爛熟，也不過是背一篇不及格的文章而已。再說，目前中國人寫的文章極少有考官愿意多看一眼的，更別說會夠到被人珍藏的級別。

　　其次，即使范文夠上了級別，學(xué)生是不是完全背下來了，背得恰當(dāng)與否又是不得而知。有的學(xué)生背了片言只語，然后融合自己寫的.一堆病句錯句，分?jǐn)?shù)不理想就開始懷疑考官是否打擊模仿范文的考生。又或者，考生死記硬背，看到題目類似就譽(yù)寫上去，而沒有考慮到題目修改所帶來的變化，試問一篇文不對題的文章如何得六分？

　　再者，語言都是模仿而來，包括考官本人的英文知識也是日積月累地模仿而來。對一件事情的描述其實(shí)大同小異，因此如果描述得當(dāng)，文字上有雷同并不奇怪�？脊俨粫�期待著你對一件事物有前無古人，后無來者的敘述；反之，他只會接受外國人所遵循的一種普通的，常見的敘述方法。換言之，如果你的描寫接近英文的一般模式，你就會得高分。再簡單一點(diǎn)說，你抄得越象，越容易得高分。

　　可見，靈活運(yùn)用，融會貫通才是我們應(yīng)該努力掌握的。

托福寫作技巧2

　　yasIELTS WRITING SKILL

　�、窈喗�

　　1.結(jié)構(gòu)

　　Tack 1:圖表題(20min 150~180words 1/3)

　　Tack 2: Essay (40min 250~300words 2/3)

　　2.評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(Rating Mechanism/Criterion)

　　(1)字?jǐn)?shù):250words 9~15sentences 20~30words/sentence

　　(2)Fabric/Organization

　　4~5paragraphs

　　①Introduction (2~3sentences):導(dǎo)入問題、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度

　�、贛ain

　�、跙ody

　�、�

　　⑤Conclusion:與開通呼應(yīng)

　　(3)切題

　　手段問題的擺出與觀點(diǎn)或?qū)懽髂康募懊�題相關(guān)，即不能寫于主題無關(guān)的句子。

　　注意：

　　①不用some people

　�、诓灰�引用名人名言。

　　③Main Body段落的主旨句往往為首句，且要出現(xiàn)命題的核心詞或其近義詞。

　　(4)銜接（句與句間的邏輯關(guān)系，包括從句與主句的關(guān)系）

　　過渡（段落間的起承轉(zhuǎn)合）

　　(5)與法語拼寫

　　正確率在97%以上，即錯誤處<8

　　(6)句法復(fù)雜

　　復(fù)雜句>70% ①定于從句:sb,a sth,who does sth,is sb

　�、谥髡Z從句:That…, is a…

　�、蹱钫Z從句:Because Although

　　(7)句型多變 ①強(qiáng)調(diào)句:It is … that/who…

　�、诘骨f句:Not…until…

　　③比較結(jié)構(gòu):平行、對稱

　�、芊衷~:Ex:⑴Analyzing this issue from macroeconomics angles, scientists claim that it looms large (嚴(yán)重).

　�、艫nalyzed from historical angle/perspectives…

　　↑Band 7

　　(8)詞匯

　　注意近義詞的使用

　　↑Band 8

　　(9)習(xí)語、成語、修辭

　�、騃ntroduction (2~3sentences)

　　(1)Problem/Issue:

　　①陳述句或設(shè)問句

　�、诓荒苷粘�命題

　�、墼谔岢鰡栴}前可陳述與命題有關(guān)的現(xiàn)象（不超過一句）

　　(2)Points(反/正/中)

　　(3) Examples:

　�、賅hat roles does tax, regards of its various forms, play in the development of a nation and an individual tax player. On the basis/strength/ground of my understanding/experience/knowledge, it hinders and hampers （阻礙/押頭韻） human well being（人類福利）.

　�、�05-6-11

　　What is the relationship between architecture and culture identities? Will constructing buildings in conventional styles contribute to the preservation and or protection of the so-called culture ,a term with rather elusive (難以捉摸) and even controversial senses. A voice advocating such a practice is prevailing (流行)/dominating（控制）the public. This concept, nevertheless, is dubious /problematic.

　�、�05-7-9

　　Do health care and education fall in the responsibilities of a modern government, which has been universally considered to protect basic human rights?

　�、�05-8-13

　　Crimes are a formidable social issue that confronts almost each and every modern civilization. Moreover, the reasons why some human individuals commit crimes are yet to be discovered, because how to prevent children from becoming criminals looms large.

　　⑤05-10-15

　　It is a fact that distinct dissimilarities in education and health conditions exist between rural and urban areas. These gaps, however, are not necessarily bridged by sending teachers or doctors to rural areas. This is because each individual has human rights and liberty in selecting job site. This essay thus attempt to offer insights into these issues.

　�、� 05-5-28

　　What is a sound relationship between the curricula (pl. for curriculum) in high education institute and job markets/employment? It has been traditionally held that high education should be isolated from/independed upon job markets. Although such a theory has not totally distaste (扭曲) or deformed (畸形) the whole picture. The interdependence between the two social elements must be emphasized.

　　否定：

　�、賂his argument goes against/to far facts and figures.

　�、赥his argument suffers formidable logic drawbacks/flows/fallacies in reasoning.

　�、跱ot only such a theory dubious in reasoning, but also it is misleading as far as…is concerned.

　　肯定：

　�、躀n fact the affirmative answer to this question is self-evident / well-supported / substantiated / championed.

　　⑤Much/Rich evidence in the course of human events lends/offers solid ground to this argument.

　�、�

　　ⅢPoints 分析方法

　　(1)分類、外延

　　Examples: 06-8-12 The relationship between language and culture.

　　Language ①Listening & Speaking A1 ① Culture

　�、赗eading & Writing A2 ②

　�、跾witch (Translation) A3 ③

　　(2)Paragraph Fabric

　�、賅hat

　　Topic sentence (1~2): ⅰ為判斷句:Y/N Pro(正)/Con(反)

　　Outline the main idea of the whole paragraph ⅱ句法結(jié)構(gòu)在正確的基礎(chǔ)上求復(fù)雜

　�、Ｒ�出份論點(diǎn)

　�、赪hy(1~4)

　　ⅰ原因分析

　�、⒔忉專〞r間、空間、定性、定量、下定義）

　　ⅲ具體化

　�、ゎA(yù)測后果（正/反）

　�、フ摀�(jù)（無法充分論證時使用）

　　a.試驗(yàn)、統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)

　　Examples:

　�、賡tatistics (pl.統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù) statistic統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)) show that...

　�、赼 study/survey conducted/carried out by my university between 1997~20xx in my hometown shows that...

　　b.例子（生活中的.本民族的或自己的例子）

　　Examples:

　�、賛y own/in person experience in New York during 1998~20xx serves as a typical/convening/telling and moving (曉之以理，動之以情) example/a case in point

　�、趆istory is rich in evidence supporting these, for/take China as a case in point

　�、υ�因句型

　　a.單一原因表達(dá)

　�、賂his phenomenon has been traditionally contributed to the fact that/a assumption that…

　�、赥he main reason ,as universally accepted on the stage of/in the field of…,is that…

　　b.雙原因的表達(dá)

　�、賂his is partly because…, and partly because…

　　②This is more because…than because…

　�、跿wo major reasons are frequently acknowledged. For one thing…, for another (, still another…)/on one hand…, on the other hand…

　　c.解釋句型

　�、賢his means that…

　　②put it in other words…

　�、踦ut it simply…

　　④that is to say…

　�、躨mplied in this assertion (說法)/rhetoric/theory/argument/statement is that…

　　Examples:

　�、�06-8-12

　　To be familiar with/to a culture and its life style is essential (indispensable/vital) to the learning of language that expresses such a culture, especially as far as listening and speaking skills are concerned. This is because listening and speaking whatever the contents, occur in a specific social setting (社會背景). But any social setting is subjected to (受…的制約) the culture and life style. For instance, “thank you” symbolizes that in the western civilization, happiness, liberty and life is (看作不同事物時用are，看作一系列事物時用is) highly emphasized. By contrast, “媽的” clearly shows that the traditional Chinese culture is characterized by “unhappy” rank-and-the-file (老百姓).

　　②05-4-16

　　The evolution of English into the global language has deeply reshaped the social and economic fabric/landscape. It is the language of English that bridges the east and the west, ending long period icy “cold times”(冷戰(zhàn)). Moreover (過渡詞) English accelerates/boosts the sustainable (可持續(xù)的) economic development in both developing and developed countries. In that (=because) it creates immense/massive job markets, helping a myriad (=a lot of) of those who would otherwise be unemployed. In addition, in terms of international relationship, English has remarkably united isolated nations with striking different political ideas.

　�、舫Ｒ姷腡opics

　　(1)Governor

　　政府應(yīng)該怎樣花錢

　　Useful words:

　�、賓radicate：根除

　�、趀liminate：消除

　　(2)Environment

　　Useful words:

　�、賓nvironment=ecosystem=biota

　　②green house effect

　�、跲zone depletion：臭氧層消耗

　�、躓ater and soil erosion：水土流失

　�、輎rrigation：灌溉

　�、辌hemical fertilize, pesticide

　�、遟lobal warming

　�、鄃lacier：冰川 sea level

　�、醜abited：棲息地 biodiversity：生物多樣性

　　(3)Education

　　Useful words;

　�、賡cientific

　�、趆umanities

　�、踦ure art

　　(4)分析層面

　�、貾hysical health

　�、赑sychological balance

　�、跜areer development survive

　　thrive

　　④Academic achievement

　�、軪thic & Moral, Aesthetic value

　　Example:

　　06-9-23

　　To be committed oneself to (投身于) the well-being of a community in which this very individual survives and thrives virtually benefits the development not only of the society as a whole, but, more vital of the specific person. Volunteer jobs build the physical health of young adults in that both out-door and in-door jobs demands more physical exercise than classroom learning. In addition, such jobs construct/foster (培養(yǎng)) their moral and ethic values, and the aesthetic tastes as well. Why? It is easy to understand. Through doing unpaid jobs for the sack of others, young adults understand the quintessence （本質(zhì) quint：第五；essence：本質(zhì)）of life: to give rather than to receive and get.

　　Furthermore, the positive impacts harvested from the young volunteers go far beyong the development of each volunteer on the community or society as a whole, they are brilliant, colorful, and significant. For one thing, volunteer jobs directly generate profits to the community, contributing to the economic development. Statistics indicate that my community, on average, gleans（收獲）more than ~$ annually from volunteer jobs.

　　For another, volunteer jobs generally focus on environmental protection/campaign against environmental pollution.

　　To sum up/conclude/In conclusion, it is beneficial for young people, including juveniles and adolescences/puberty to do volunteer jobs. But, I cast a skeptical eye on (=suspect) the argument that all young people must do volunteer jobs, because it might be harmful to some individuals or families.

　�、鯃D表題

　　首段為信息段，說明研究的時間、地點(diǎn)、內(nèi)容和對象。

　　Examples:

　�、�06-1-14

　　This graph shows /gives the information that three stages involved in recycling of the Used Glass Bottles.

　　The first stage is rather simple. UGBs are put into rubbish cans, from which they can be moved/shipped by trucks to factories.

　　The second stage, however, seems to be somewhat complex/sophisticated in that it consists of several/numerous specific steps. To begin with, UGBs are washed by HPW. After this, they are classified according to color into 3 groups: G, B and C. Then each group UGBs are broken into tiny pieces which are melted/heated in the furnace. From the furnace comes liquid glass. Together with new liquid, this glass liquid is next moulded into new glass bottles. Here ends the second stag.

　　In the third stage, newly abreacted bottles are fulfilled with consumer goods. And they are packed and transported into supermarkets, where a new cycle begins.

　　Clearly, through these stages, UGBs have been well reused. However, how much glass can not be recycled is unavailable only on the basis of this graph.

　�、�03-9-6

　　This picture reveals the differences/dissimilarities in…between CC and WC.

　　The main difference is in window design. In CC, the window is not set towards to the direction of the sun. But in WC, one room is equipped with 2 windows built two opposite aspects. During day time, windows are closed and covered. At night, however, they are open making ventilation possible so that the store heat can be removed.

　　Another difference is in roof style which CC cares for/demands HA roofs. WC roofs have over-hang pasts designed to form shade.

　　Still another difference is the materials. In CC, the interior walls are of thermos-building material. By contrast, the exterior walls are constructed with insulation: the roof uses heat-storage and heat-loss-reduction material. Nevertheless, roof in WC adopts/employees

　　external and internal insulation. Besides, reflection materials are utilized.

　　To sum (up)/To conclude, WC and CC are not the same in terms of house-design.

　　③03-9-20

　　Two possible sites for the supermarket are marked in the graph, which also indicates the potential pros and cons of each of the two: S1 and S2.

　�、軇�3 P50

　　This bar chat illustrates the sum/the amount of money spent by each of the four countries in the each of the six kinds of consumer goods.

　　British eclipses/dwarfs/out number/out way/surpass the other three nations in terms of the amount of money understudy.

　　[⑴None out neighs Britain as far as the sum of money is concerned.

　�、艬ritain ranks next to none in terms of….]

　　Precisely, P.F. costs Britain about …, the maximum. PC by contrast, ranks…in the list of British spending.

　　In 1, 2 and 3, the money spent by France is lower than that by other countries. Similarly, German spends the least in 5 and 6. Put it in details…

托福寫作技巧3

　　托�？荚噷懽鲬�(yīng)試關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)詳細(xì)整理如下。新托福寫作部分往往是中國考生的弱項(xiàng)之一，相對于閱讀和聽力，托福寫作部分需要表達(dá)更多的自我想法，學(xué)生需要根據(jù)已定題目來發(fā)表自我想法，我們應(yīng)該怎樣更好地表達(dá)自己的看法呢?下面小編和大家一起看看新托福寫作的方法。

　　新托�？荚囀且婚T語言類考試，而不是一門測試邏輯思辨能力的考試，它的所有題型的最終目的都是測試應(yīng)試者的英語的應(yīng)用能力。想要迅速提高新托福寫作成績，就需要有以下幾點(diǎn)能力：

　　第一，英語語法基礎(chǔ)。

　　語法一直是中國英語教育的核心，對于中國學(xué)生來講一般不是太大的困難。而且新托福寫作對于學(xué)生的語法要求不會很高，在懂得主謂賓正常的構(gòu)句規(guī)則的基礎(chǔ)上，加上對各種從句以及幾個特殊句式(強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句)的運(yùn)用，就足以應(yīng)付托福寫作。

　　第二，文章結(jié)構(gòu)最重要。

　　托福寫作通常是一個五段三點(diǎn)式的寫作，通常我們也叫魚骨頭(Fish Bone)式。這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)就是最為普遍的議論文結(jié)構(gòu)，開頭段+中間三段+結(jié)尾段。千萬不要小看這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，以為這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)過于簡單，過于八股。其實(shí)，新托福寫作考查的也就是考生是否會熟練運(yùn)用這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)去表達(dá)自己對一個觀點(diǎn)的看法。美國的高中生會專門用一年的時間來學(xué)習(xí)這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)。所以在準(zhǔn)備新托福寫作的時候，應(yīng)該特別注意要熟練運(yùn)用五段三點(diǎn)式這樣的`結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　第三，語言的多樣性。

　　語言多樣性分為句式的多樣性和詞匯的多樣性。新托福寫作考試說到底，還是在考查學(xué)生的語言能力。文章結(jié)構(gòu)就是一個人的骨架，那么剩下來的工作就是需要往這具空空的骨架中添加進(jìn)生動的血肉，這就是我們的語言了。新托福寫作考試對于考生的語言水平最基本的要求是沒有太多的語法錯誤，也就是考生所犯的語法錯誤不會影響到文章的理解。在這個基礎(chǔ)上，新托福考試還要求學(xué)生會熟練運(yùn)用一些句式、詞匯，使文章看起來很native。

托福寫作技巧4

　　托福寫作技巧：合適的理由

　　A、什么是合適的理由？

　　a. 理由要切題，不能和所討論話題無關(guān)、或關(guān)聯(lián)太小。

　　比如：圖書館投資書還是計(jì)算機(jī)話題，有人說買計(jì)算機(jī)好是因?yàn)椋河?jì)算機(jī)的屏幕看起來很舒適，而且可以越做越大（圖書館是用來獲得的，大屏幕計(jì)算機(jī)有點(diǎn)奢侈吧？不是主要理由）；有人說計(jì)算機(jī)對現(xiàn)代人很重要找工作都要求計(jì)算機(jī)能力，所以投資計(jì)算機(jī)。（這個干脆就跑題了。他應(yīng)該是用來說明大學(xué)里開始計(jì)算機(jī)課是必須的這個話題的。）

　　b. 理由不能過于道德低下，也不能過于高尚。

　　比如：用計(jì)算機(jī)打字好還是筆寫好，有人說打字好，這樣寫恐嚇信不會被警方識破。為錢工作還是為愛好工作，有人說為愛好工作，認(rèn)為錢根本不重要，只要自己感愛好，完全可以不要錢，全心全意為人民服務(wù)了，好象連BASIC NECESSATIES 都不要，餓著肚皮就可以工作了。（應(yīng)該說錢不是首要目的，有一些能夠滿足生活的基本需要就行了，不能成為工作的唯一目的`。）

　　c. 理由不能違反話題的一般性

　　比如：圖書館投資書還是計(jì)算機(jī)話題， 有人說我們圖書館早已經(jīng)配備好的全新的PII了，不用再投資計(jì)算機(jī)了，全部去買書吧。 這就違反了話題的愿意：把兩種的媒介對比優(yōu)勝劣汰。

　　d. 理由不要在政治上敏感。

　　比如：讓你重新生活一次，你選擇何時何地有人說，選擇科索沃，要成為一位杰出將領(lǐng)，重創(chuàng)北約......

　　B、是否可以寫折衷型文章。假如可以注重什么？

　　有些話題可以寫，但需要周密思維，兩者能夠有機(jī)的協(xié)調(diào)在一起，還良好語言功底，一般同學(xué)成功幾率只占20%，所以不建議寫。如：室內(nèi)、室外活動哪個你喜歡，為什么。有人描述了各自好處，結(jié)尾綜合提到他們共同決定人的健康，一個physically， 一個spiritually. 要注重兩面的優(yōu)點(diǎn)缺點(diǎn)都有所涉及，并提出可行的折衷辦法。

　　有些話題是絕對不可以折衷的。比如投資一類的，買書還是買計(jì)算機(jī)，總不能買舊書和二手電腦吧。

托福寫作技巧5

　　step1：找5篇左右的滿分作文。最好別用185。

　　step2：通讀這5篇，找出比較萬用的好句子。

　　這里要說明什么是好句子。

　　1、長短句子沒亮點(diǎn)，而且總共也沒幾個詞，達(dá)不到湊字?jǐn)?shù)的目的，而且短句一般也不會用什么句型。

　　2、句型復(fù)雜。最好有倒裝，強(qiáng)調(diào)，虛擬語氣，排比，比喻諸如此類的形式。

　　3、適用范圍廣泛。如果把與這篇文章相關(guān)的詞語劃去你一看，還差不多是個句子，這就符合條件。

　　step3：篩選句子。

　　從這5篇中，大概能找到10多句這樣的好句，挑出最順眼的`，背著最痛快的幾句記下來。記住，一定不能太多。因?yàn)榭荚嚂r候你要直接寫出這幾句話，而不是現(xiàn)場從十幾句話里面挑選，背的少就選擇的時間少，剩下了的時間用來湊字?jǐn)?shù)。

　　step4：排列。

　　把這些你看著順眼的好句排排順序，看看哪些放開頭，哪些放結(jié)尾，哪些放中間段。

托福寫作技巧6

　　解決了上一個托福寫作問題之后，學(xué)生仍然可能會有思路阻塞的現(xiàn)象。這是極其正常的。例如，在比較A和B的時候，說了一段支持A之后發(fā)現(xiàn)，再想不到支持A的例子，也先不到反對B的例子，反而想到幾個支持A的`例子，甚至是支持B的例子。通常如果有A+或者B-，文章的布局是比較直接和簡單的。但問題就是只有A-和B+的時候。如何繼續(xù)支持A？

　　選擇繼續(xù)支持A的原因有很多，可能因?yàn)榍懊婊�調(diào)已定無法修改，亦可能所有論點(diǎn)比較一下，沒有任何一方有壓倒性優(yōu)勢，支持A支持B都會遇到上述問題，即直接可用的論點(diǎn)不足。亦可能是作者主觀上就是想支持A即便例子一下想不全。

　　其解決方案無非有二。其一是開闊托�？忌�思路。確保他們能想到足夠多的分論點(diǎn)以供使用。這點(diǎn)可以通過萬能理由，破題方法，段落展開等等手段來達(dá)到。但我們?nèi)孕枰獜钠渌�角度再提供備選方案。方案二就是，如何變廢為寶，如何黑白顛倒。換言之，批評你可否不說你的缺點(diǎn)，而改為抨擊你的優(yōu)點(diǎn)？支持我是否可以不說我的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，而轉(zhuǎn)為反駁我的劣勢？這樣理論上，無論你想到的論點(diǎn)是A+, A-,B+,B-, 我們都可以用它們來支持任意一個觀點(diǎn)。這個原則我叫做好壞正反說，或者叫有利原則，即一切評價取決于評價者所站立場。

　　例如托福課上的一個例子是比較小說和電影，你更喜歡哪個。直接思維的結(jié)果是，我覺得小說有好處是比較方便，有一本書哪里都可以看。電影的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是在家里看比較舒服，而且特效豐富比較精彩直觀。傳統(tǒng)上，我只能寫支持電影，中間寫兩段。但如果我偏偏喜歡小說。或者寫了一段小說方便后才發(fā)現(xiàn)沒得寫了。這個時候如何保住作文分?jǐn)?shù)？甚至寫出一篇好的托福文章？顛倒黑白即可。例如，有人說看電影舒服，可是那有啥好的？往家里一坐也不動緩，垃圾食品吃著，碳酸飲料喝著。不健康非常不好。另外有人說特效豐富好。好啥好？一點(diǎn)想象空間都沒有了，我就不喜歡那個女演員為什么讓她來演小說里面的女一號？毀了我所有期望。我就覺得地下精靈世界是那樣的，為啥你拍出來這么不靠譜？你這不是強(qiáng)加給我我不喜歡的東西么？沒想象力的人才喜歡看電影。如法炮制，我們最終發(fā)現(xiàn)，相當(dāng)論點(diǎn)是啥完全沒關(guān)系，我們可以把它們變化一下，用來支持任何我們想支持的觀點(diǎn)。

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